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Sustainability costs
The following cost analysis by Davis Langdon provides indicative costs for various items of construction that can be incorporated in a building to boost its green credentials. Costs are the national average at first quarter 2004 price levels.
unit£
Recycled aggregatesÌýÌý
General fill materialÌýÌý
Blast furnace slagt5.30-8.00
Quarry wastet7.00-9.50
Graded materialÌýÌý
Crushed concretet5.25-7.50
BrickworkÌýÌý
Extra for lime mortar in lieu of cement mortar m23.50-5.00
Curtain wallingÌýÌý
Extra for manually openable windowseach300-350
Extra for top-hung windows, electrically actuatedeach600-750
Solar shadingÌýÌý
Externally mounted aluminium louvresm2150-250
External automated fabric blinds, including controls, wind and light sensorsm2275-325
RooflightsÌýÌý
Extra for fixed rooflight costs for opening vents, tilt and turn, actuator motorseach750-1000
Roof canopiesÌýÌý
To reduce solar heat load and glarem2350-500
Ceiling finishesÌýÌý
Self-finished acoustic plasterm220-30
VentilationÌýÌý
Extract fans, wiring and controlseach650-750
For a much wider consideration of sustainability issues and costs affecting commercial buildings, refer to Davis Langdon’s Sustainability Cost Model published in ¾«¶«Ó°ÊÓ on 12 September 2003.
Specifiers who do not know the cost of recycled aggregates or solar shading need to buck up their ideas. The government is set to make sustainable specification a condition for building tens of thousands of homes (see Rules, page 17). And architects and designers who still believe that eco-building is just for hippies are in danger of missing out on a green building boom.
Total building energy costs £ per year
Assumptions:gas cost 83 m2 gifaelectricity cost Ìý
£0.014/°ì°Â³ó £0.06/°ì°Â³óÌý
¾«¶«Ó°ÊÓ typeHeating Hot waterElectricityTotal
Eco TekHaus233580138
Standard TekHaus4246159248
¾«¶«Ó°ÊÓ regs 20027558199333
Existing ¾«¶«Ó°ÊÓ26770249586
Note: Omits standing charges.
Total building CO2 emissions kg per year
Assumptions:80% heating efficiency107 m2 gifa 0.19 kg CO2/kWh gas 0.44 kg CO2/kWh electric
¾«¶«Ó°ÊÓ typeHeatingHot waterElectricityTotal
Eco TekHaus5037627532019
Standard TekHaus920101715073443
¾«¶«Ó°ÊÓ regs 20021647127118834801
Existing building5845152523549724
Notes: kg CO2 figures are for 2000. Source: www.energy-efficiency.gov.uk/document/factfigs/emiss.htm. £ cost figures are from SAP. Assumes some off-peak electricity use.
Heating costs £ per year
Assumptions:gas cost 107 m2 gifaÌý
£0.014/°ì°Â³óÌýÌý
¾«¶«Ó°ÊÓ typeAll outAll inHalf in
Eco TekHaus152130
Standard TekHaus294954
¾«¶«Ó°ÊÓ regs 2002578897
Existing building217322345
Heating CO2 emissions kg per year
Assumptions:80% heating efficiency107 m2 gifa0.285 kg CO2/kWh gas
¾«¶«Ó°ÊÓ typeAll outAll inHalf in
Eco TekHaus385534755
Standard TekHaus72812461380
¾«¶«Ó°ÊÓ regs 2002145222302470
Existing building552781968767
Further assumptions
Heating energy use has been modelled in detail.
Electrical energy demand and Hot Water Demand is assumed to be reduced through design and specification to the same level as the thermal design in each case.
XCO2 has referred to monitored case studies where possible in making these assumptions.
Assumed 'worst case' scenario of half in occupancy.