This was the hearing of a preliminary issue. DRC Distribution Ltd (鈥淒RC Distribution鈥�) and DRC Polymer Products Ltd (鈥淒RC Polymer鈥�) were sister companies. In 2003 DRC Distribution and Ulva Ltd (鈥淯lva鈥�) entered into a long term supply agreement for 100% of Ulva鈥檚 requirements for an insulation cladding system. DRC Distribution did not have a manufacturing facility and so the cladding supplied to Ulva was manufactured by DRC Polymer.
From October 2005, Ulva began sourcing its requirements from another supplier as well as DRC Distribution. Ulva admitted at the hearing that this was a breach of the supply agreement that required DRC to take 100% of its products from DRC Distribution.
Under the terms of the distribution agreement, Ulva was given a 60 day credit period after the date of any invoice in which to pay that invoice. Ulva frequently paid invoices late. In May 2006, DRC Polymer鈥檚 insurers reduced the permitted credit limit for transactions for Ulva to nil on the grounds that its financial statements indicated a deteriorating financial position and that losses had been sustained by Ulva. In June 2006, DRC Distribution informed Ulva that it was no longer prepared to supply Ulva on credit terms.
On 14 June 2006, Ulva gave a notice to terminate the supply contract with effect from 14 December 2006. DRC Distribution replied stating that until the expiry of the notice it expected that all Ulva鈥檚 supplies would continue to be supplied by DRC Distribution and that unless the position in relation to credit terms was resolved the agreement would terminate after 30 days. After further correspondence on 1 August 2006 DRC Distribution terminated the agreement with immediate effect for material breaches including the sourcing of supplies from an alternative manufacturer.
The following three issues were to be decided:
1 the extent to which Ulva was in breach of its agreement with DRC Distribution;
2 whether DRC Distribution had suffered any loss;
3 whether DRC Distribution could recover, in principle, the loss suffered by DRC Polymer.
Reference
Ulva鈥檚 breach of the supply agreement was deliberate as Ulva had obtained supplies from another source. This breach was almost certainly committed because Ulva had discovered that material which would satisfy Ulva鈥檚 customers鈥� needs and could be supplied more cheaply by the other supplier than by DRC Distribution. Ulva鈥檚 preference to pay its new supplier rather than DRC Distribution was a breach of the supply agreement.
DRC Distribution were also in breach of the supply agreement as they had attempted to impose new payment terms (by refusing credit) in breach of the terms allowing for credit in the supply agreement. There was no basis for implying a term into the supply agreement that the provision of credit was linked to the continuance of credit insurance. However, there was no express or implied term of the supply agreement that excused Ulva鈥檚 continuing breach by continuing to obtain supplies from other sources.
Under the terms of the supply agreement, DRC Distribution was deemed to have incurred the costs of manufacture and the acts of DRC Polymer were deemed to be the acts of DRC Distribution. Therefore DRC Distribution was entitled to claim its鈥� substantial losses.
Full case details: DRC Distribution Ltd v Ulva Ltd [2007] EWHC 1716, 20 July 2007, High Court of Justice (Queen鈥檚 Bench Division), Flaux J
Postscript
A company entering into exclusive supply agreements for a lengthy period of time must ensure that it continues to obtain its supplies from its chosen supplier for the length of the agreement, even if a better or cheaper product is later available on the market. If this occurs and the company wishes to use the new product, then the company must terminate the agreement in accordance with the termination provisions on the agreement. If a company fails to do so, they will be at risk of paying damages for breach of the supply agreement.
