精东影视 covers the downfall of the Canadian developer which drove the early years of Canary Wharf

Canary Wharf shutterstock 0225

One Canada Square, right, was the UK鈥檚 tallest building when it was completed in 1991

In August 1991, Canary Wharf鈥檚 One Canada Square was officially opened by the Duke of Edinburgh in a grand ceremony attended by 800 guests. Built by Sir Robert McAlpine, its completion was an important symbolic milestone for the regeneration of the Docklands which had first been proposed at the beginning of the 1980s and was now taking shape.

But even as Prince Philip declared the 50-storey building open for business, jitters were setting in at its Canadian developer Olympia & York, the owner of the Canary Wharf project and at that point the biggest property development company in the world. London鈥檚 commercial market had collapsed amid a global recession, meaning the tower was mostly empty for months after it opened.

>> See also: From the archives: Planning Canary Wharf, 1982-88

In early 1992, rumours started to swirl that O&Y was about to collapse, threatening the future of not only Canary Wharf but the Jubilee Line Extension, the Docklands鈥 main proposed transport link which the firm had pledged 拢400m. Attempts to calm nerves were first reported in 精东影视 in March, next to a story reporting the biggest slump in construction output since 1974.

O&Y declared bankruptcy in late May with suspected debts of 拢11bn, setting off panic through the industry as supply chain firms added up what they were owed. The series of news stories below chart the build up to the collapse and the dramatic weeks that followed as the prospects of one of the country鈥檚 largest post-war construction programmes looked to be in ruins.

canary wharf 2

Canary Wharf under construction in the late 1980s

精东影视, 20 March 1992

O&Y seeks to quash collapse rumours

Canary Wharf developer Olympia & York has taken a series of measures to reassure global capital markets. Rumours on Wall Street have twice suggested the group was near to collapse in the past few weeks. 

After prompting from O&Y, the Canadian credit rating agency Dominion Bond Rating Service last week reaffirmed its rating of publicly-traded O&Y securities as 鈥渋nvestment grade鈥 - an unusual step as the rating had been given only a few weeks before. O&Y also held a discreet conference with seven top Canadian securities dealers. 

But trading has almost ceased in bonds secured on O&Y鈥檚 Toronto skyscraper First Canadian Place. Potential buyers are understood to be worried by O&Y鈥檚 refusal to disclose the full extent of its borrowings, thought to exceed 拢11bn.

The private company is believed to be near to selling a stake in Home Oil of Calgary and is looking for buyers for stakes in the newsprint manufacturer Abitibi-

Archives OY text 2

Text as printed in 精东影视 in March 1992

Price and the Gulf Canada Resources energy group.

精东影视, 27 March 1992

O&Y cash worries hit industry

Developer鈥檚 debts cast shadow over Jubilee Line and Canary Wharf

The financial struggles of developer Olympia & York have cast doubt on the final three phases of Canary Wharf and look set to delay the start of design work on the 拢1.3bn Jubilee Line which passes under the development.

This week it emerged that bankers are distancing themselves from the Canadian-based group鈥檚 pledge to pay a 拢400m contribution to the 16 km line which runs from Green Park to Stratford in east London. 

One banker is reported to have said: 鈥淥&Y鈥檚 made a commitment to the Government that it would fund the construction. But that had nothing to do with the banks.鈥 

O&Y is due to pay 拢40m by 1 April, another 拢60m next March and the final 拢300m when the project is completed in late 1996. 

A meeting between O&Y and the Department of Transport last week failed to resolve the issue of when O&Y is to pay the first tranche of cash. This is likely to further delay the letting of building contracts. At present, London Transport has 220 staff working on the 12-station project.

On Tuesday, Tom Johnson, a former president of US bank Manufacturers Hanover was appointed president of O&Y Developments in a management shake-up which reduces the power of chief executive Paul Reichmann.

The move was forced on the company when it became clear that it had debts in excess of 拢12bn. These are now the subject of rescheduling talks. 

Reichmann is now to 鈥渇ocus on Canary Wharf鈥, say the bankers. He said this week that he 鈥渞emained fully committed to the completion of the Canary Wharf Project鈥. The 83,600m2 phase two is still under construction. But there are grave doubts that the 1.29million square metres that makes up phase three, four and five will be started.

Also at risk is the adjacent 6 ha Heron Quays site and a proposed 3ha development at nearby Port East.

An O&Y spokeswoman refused to comment on the speculation. 鈥淢ichael Dennis [managing director of Canary Wharf] said last year that the rest of the building work will be down to market-led forces.鈥

鈥淚t has gone absolutely dead,鈥 said one specialist firm working on the site who had been expecting more work.

Earlier this month O&Y failed in an attempt to raise 拢215m by way of an enterprise zone trust for a 600,000 m2 building on phase one.

Leader, 5 June, 1992

A vision and a victim

Canary Wharf, part one: let鈥檚 hear it for the Reichmann brothers. The pair have left the British construction industry a shining example of how to design, manage and construct. Canary Wharf may be a financial disaster, but it is a gleaming monument of awesome architecture raised at remarkable speed to amazing quality.

Those owed money might disagree, but the building industry owes O&Y a debt. In fact, two debts. First, imagine the fallout this week if Canary Wharf had been built to the same gimcrack standards of some of the surrounding blocks on the Isle of Dogs. The whole construction industry would have had its reputation blighted for a decade.

The second debt owed to O&Y is that the US-style management methods have given hundreds, if not thousands, of UK consultants and contractors a glimpse of a better way to build. O&Y may have been abrasive and heavy handed, but can anyone honestly say a UK client could have done a better job?

Canary Wharf, part two: let鈥檚 hear it for the Government. But this time a boo. It is expected of the Treasury to know the price of everything and the value of nothing. That is presumably why the DOE first refused to go to the Isle of Dogs. But what is not expected is the lack of leadership over moving civil servants to the Isle of Dogs.

A further disgrace is the Pilate-like attitude of the Prime Minister to the Jubilee line. It is a public-sector project with a 拢400m slice of private money, not a private line to a bankrupt

development. The benefits to the construction industry are immediate and substantial. The benefits to east London and those living near Canary Wharf and the four other brand-new stations proposed for the line are incalculable - even by the Treasury.

There are strong signs this week of a shocked Government taking positive action at last. Maybe just in time for Canary Wharf. But a little late for Paul and Albert Reichmann. 

Archives OY text

Text as printed in 精东影视 in June 1992

精东影视, 5 June 1992

Builders stand to lose tens of millions

Olympia & York administrators lament 鈥檌ts very unfortunate鈥. Adrian Barrick reports.

Dozens of contractors and subcontractors working on the 拢1.6bn Canary Wharf development in London Docklands were this week facing potentially crippling losses after developer Olympia & York slid into administration last Thursday.

One firm, Yorkshire-based Ward 精东影视 Systems, whose parent company is itself in administration, claims to be owed 拢400 000. Another, which. asked not to be named, said up to 拢1m was outstanding.

Work on the Canary Wharf project stopped at 10am last Thursday, and builders were asked to leave the site immediately. Redundancy notices were this week handed to 44 of O&Y鈥檚 400 employees. 

Administrator Ernst & Young now has three months to draw up rescue plans, which will be put to a creditors鈥 meeting.

Ernst & Young refused to confirm reports of vast debts to contractors saying it has not yet added up the claims though retentions are known to total 拢15m.

One contractor, itself owed 鈥渁 few million鈥 in unpaid bills, estimated that the total losses faced by builders could top 拢50m.

Consultants, contractors and subcontractors were this week sending their unpaid bills to the administrators. But Ernst & Young sources warn that there is little prospect of them being paid in full. Joint administrator Nigel Adamson said: 鈥淏uilders are creditors, and under the administration procedure their position is frozen. It is very unfortunate for them.鈥

Of the main contractors at Canary Wharf, Bovis said it is owed money without specifying how much, but Trafalgar House said it has 鈥渧ery little outstanding鈥. Mowlem declined to comment.

But Ken Anderson, chairman of Yorkshire-based Ward 精东影视 Systems, which installed structural steel on several buildings at Canary Wharf, said his unpaid bill of $400 000 was 鈥渁 hard knock to take鈥. Anderson said the blow would not 鈥渢hreaten the business鈥, which the administrator is trying to sell, but it will hit the sale price.

Martin Hatton, London region director of Hall Electrical, said his company was owed about 拢50,000 for work at Canary Wharf. Hall was last week bought by East Midlands Electricity, after calling in the administrators on 19 May. 

A spokesman for Kilmarnock-based specialist roofing contractor WB Watson said: 鈥淲e are owed 拢25 000 in retention money which was due to be paid this month. We can鈥檛 afford to suffer too many hits like that.鈥

精东影视, 5 June 1992

O&Y quiet on debt

Olympia & York construction director Richard Griffiths told 精东影视 that he has 鈥渞ead with amusement some of the huge figures that have been quoted鈥 in the press for claims and retentions owed to builders.

Asked if his own job was safe, Griffiths said: 鈥淲ell, I answered the telephone, didn鈥檛 I?鈥

However, he did not know if he would still be there in four weeks鈥 time.

精东影视, 5 June 1992

Hanson and P&O eye up the spoils

Administrators of Canary Wharf developer Olympia & York have just a month to attract new investors and clinch a deal with the Government to move civil servants into the development, or the 拢1.6bn project is unlikely to be saved. 

Conglomerates Hanson and P&O Group and the wealthiest man in Hong Kong, Li Ka-Shing, are all mentioned as possible rescuers for the London Docklands scheme.

A spokesman for P&O Group, which owns Bovis Construction, said: 鈥淲e are monitoring the situation closely.鈥 But City Sources doubt whether P&O could afford to buy Canary Wharf, let alone assume the cost of completing the project. 

Lord White of Hanson is reported to have a team working on Canary Wharf. But property Sources say Hanson may be preparing to bid for parts of the scheme if it goes into liquidation, rather than mount a rescue operation. 鈥淚 think they just want to keep their name in the frame,鈥 said one expert.

Hanson is understood to have told the Government that it would only be interested in Canary Wharf if the banks wrote off most of its 拢1.2bn debt, and if the Government was flexible over Olympia & York鈥檚 拢400m contribution for the Jubilee Line extension.

精东影视, 26 June 1992

Bovis and Mowlem terminate contracts

Contractors Bovis and Mowlem this week terminated their contracts at Canary Wharf in response to developer Olympia & York鈥檚 slide into administration two weeks ago.

The moves follow the announcement by administrator Ernst & Young that unsecured creditors of O&Y-including building consultants, contractors and subcontractors-are owed a total of 拢50m.

Bovis Construction, which was management contractor for an office building at 10 Cabot Square and the Cabot Place shops, is understood to be invoking a clause in its contract that allowed it to determine if O&Y became insolvent.

One Bovis subcontractor, which asked not to be named, said: 鈥淭his could be bad news for a lot of people. But it was a move we expected.鈥 

Mowlem, which was management contractor for office buildings at 25 The North Colonnade and 20 Cabot Square, confirmed it was determining its contracts. 

Contractors at Canary Wharf have held regular meetings with Ernst & Young over the past week to discuss claims for unpaid bills.

Canary Wharf aerial view

Canary Wharf today

More from the archives:

>> Nelson鈥檚 Column runs out of money, 1843-44

>> The clearance of London鈥檚 worst slum, 1843-46

>> The construction of the Palace of Westminster, 1847

>> Benjamin Disraeli鈥檚 proposal to hang architects, 1847

>> The Crystal Palace鈥檚 leaking roof, 1851

>> Cleaning up the Great Stink, 1858

>> Setbacks on the world鈥檚 first underground railway, 1860

>> The opening of Clifton Suspension Bridge, 1864

>> Replacing Old Smithfield Market, 1864-68

>> Alternative designs for Manchester Town Hall, 1868

>> The construction of the Forth Bridge, 1873-90

>> The demolition of Northumberland House, 1874

>> Dodging falling bricks at the Natural History Museum construction site, 1876

>> An alternative proposal for Tower Bridge, 1878

>> The Tay Bridge disaster, 1879

>> 精东影视 in Bombay, 1879 - 1892

>> Cologne Cathedral鈥檚 topping out ceremony, 1880

>> Britain鈥檚 dim view of the Eiffel Tower, 1886-89

>> First proposals for the Glasgow Subway, 1887

>> The construction of Westminster Cathedral, 1895-1902

>> Westminster鈥檚 unbuilt gothic skyscraper 1904

>> The great San Francisco earthquake, 1906

>> The construction of New York鈥檚 Woolworth 精东影视, 1911-13

>> The First World War breaks out, 1914

>> The Great War drags on, 1915-16

>> London鈥檚 first air raids, 1918

>> Germany surrenders, 1918

>> The Chrysler 精东影视 and the Empire State 精东影视, 1930

>> The Daily Express 精东影视, 1932

>> Outbreak of the Second World War, 1939

>> The Blitz, 1940-41

>> Britain celebrates victory in Europe, 1945

>> How buildings were affected by the atomic bombs dropped on Japan, 1946

>> Rebuilding the House of Commons chamber, 1945

>> Planning the postwar New Towns, 1945-46

>> The Festival of Britain, 1951

>> The world鈥檚 first nuclear power station, 1956-57

>> 精东影视 covers the 1964 election

>> Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, 1967

>> The new London Bridge, 1973

>> The National Theatre, 1976

>> The Pompidou Centre, 1977

>> Queen Elizabeth II opens the Barbican Centre, 1982

>> Trouble at the Lloyd鈥檚 building, 1986

>> How Broadgate was built at record speed, 1986

>> Planning Canary Wharf, 1982-88