精东影视

Solutions
It is not uncommon for site-produced substructures to be under- or oversized, or to be outside the allowable tolerances, in relation to the factory-produced superstructure. Structural openings formed to contain factory-produced elements can also suffer inadequate 鈥渟izing鈥�. Ensure that drawings and details for both site and factory are compatible. This is of particular concern with regards to dimensions and associated tolerances. The training of personnel, including adequate supervision, is still a requirement for a successful project. Dissemination of information from designers and manufacturers to site level is a must. The 鈥渨e can get round that鈥� approach, often adopted on site, is not a viable option when installing factory components.

Solutions
Ensure that transportation methods are suitable for the intended destination. This is of particular relevance to inner-city developments where restriction on load sizes must be adhered to. Off-loading access points should, where possible, be close to their final destination. Lifting from the transportation mode direct to final position is preferable, avoiding double handling. Appropriate lifting points are required and must be used when moving heavy components. This will avoid damage through racking or dropping the item. Lifting of heavy, large components using appropriate plant and machinery should only be carried out by suitably trained operatives. This is a requirement of the Health and Safety Executive. Components and systems that are prone to deterioration through the effects of moisture must be protected from inclement weather during transportation. Once the item or system is installed, then protection may still be required until the building envelope is complete. Components or completed modules should also be protected from general site traffic. In particular, completed modules should remain sealed until as close as possible to completion date.

Solutions
Clients must be aware that once production has been agreed, then the installation of 鈥渆xtras鈥� is difficult to incorporate during factory production. On-site alterations are not advised. Ensure that a full client brief is provided to the designers and agreed before handover for production. One of the main advantages of factory production methods is the perceived increase in quality. It is essential that the full benefits of off-site manufacture are realised by ensuring that components are complete before they leave the factory gate.

Solutions
Location of the building with regards to exposure is essential. Use of rainscreen claddings and associated cavities is vital to prevent water penetration. They should be correctly detailed, especially where openings and service entries penetrate them. Lapping of membranes needs also to be addressed, along with continuity with other items. The installation of claddings needs to be compatible with the rest of the superstructure. Fixing points are of particular concern. Demarcation of appropriate places is essential to ensure longevity of connections for the outer surfaces. Cavity barriers must be installed and positioned to prevent spread of fire. Bear in mind movement of various materials, particularly when there is an interface between those of differing properties. Also consider expansion and contraction, both in the vertical and in the horizontal plains. Correct detailing of the joint is not only vital to allow for expected movements but also to prevent moisture penetration. Sealants should be used to form a robust long-term solution.